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Multiplexed wavefront sensing using a grating array-based wavefront sensor.

Jaspal Singh, Biswajit Pathak, C S Narayanamurthy

|August 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a grating array wavefront sensor to resolve spot ambiguity in Shack-Hartmann sensors for multiplexed sensing. The novel method enables simultaneous detection of multiple wavefronts from a single frame, enhancing adaptive optics systems.

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Area of Science:

Optical Engineering
Wavefront Sensing and Adaptive Optics

Background:

Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensors (SHWS) face ambiguity issues with periodic spot arrays in multiplexed sensing for multiple isoplanatic patches.
Existing methods struggle to efficiently process data from multiple isoplanatic patches simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

To overcome the spot ambiguity problem in multiplexed wavefront sensing.
To propose and validate a novel grating array-based wavefront sensor for simultaneous multi-patch wavefront detection.

Main Methods:

Developed a multiplexed wavefront sensing scheme using a grating array-based sensor, a programmable SHWS variant.
Generated three distinct light beams mimicking turbulence effects via a pseudo-random phase plate.
Employed a binary phase grating array on a spatial light modulator for single-frame, multi-wavefront detection.

Main Results:

Successfully detected three distinct wavefronts from a single data frame.
Demonstrated the scheme's compatibility with existing wavefront reconstruction algorithms.
Validated the proposed method using simulated atmospheric turbulence.

Conclusions:

The proposed grating array-based wavefront sensor effectively resolves spot ambiguity in multiplexed sensing.
This technique allows for simultaneous wavefront detection from multiple isoplanatic patches.
The method holds significant potential for advancing multi-conjugate adaptive optics and expanding the field of view in turbulent conditions.