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Transmission of Multiple Signals through an Optical Fiber Using Wavefront Shaping

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Design of a free-space optical link based on multipole-phase division multiplexing.

Marco Ferrari, Filippo Romanato, Gianluca Ruffato

|August 13, 2025

Summary

Researchers introduce multipole-phase beams, a new modulation format for telecommunications. This innovative framework offers efficient spatial multiplexing and overcomes limitations of orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams for free-space optical links.

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Telecommunications Engineering
Quantum Information Science

Background:

Control of electromagnetic wave spatial structure is crucial for advanced telecommunications and quantum applications.
Spatial-division multiplexing using orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams faces challenges in efficient generation and long-distance free-space transmission.
Existing methods for spatial mode multiplexing require improvement for practical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce and analyze a novel framework based on multipole-phase beams for spatial-division multiplexing.
To investigate the generalization of multipole-phase beams to higher orders for free-space optical communication.
To demonstrate the potential of multipole-phase beams for both classical and quantum communication regimes.

Main Methods:

Development of a theoretical framework for multipole-phase beams with harmonic phases and multipole structures.
Utilizing conformal transformations for compact, full-optical multiplexing and sorting architectures.
Performing numerical simulations to validate the theoretical model and assess performance in free-space links.

Main Results:

Multipole-phase beams offer an alternative to OAM beams, characterized by phase singularities absence.
The proposed framework enables efficient multiplexing and sorting with compact optical architectures.
Numerical simulations validate the potential of multipole-phase beams for high-order generalization in free-space optical links.

Conclusions:

Multipole-phase beams present a promising new paradigm for spatial-division multiplexing in telecommunications.
This framework has the potential to overcome critical limitations of OAM-based solutions in free-space transmissions.
The study highlights the applicability of multipole-phase beams in both classical and single-photon regimes for future communication systems.