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Dynamic topological charge switching in vortex beam generation using phase-change materials.

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    Researchers developed a tunable vortex beam generator using a phase-change material, antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3). This novel device dynamically switches topological charges, enabling versatile applications in optics.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics and Metamaterials
    • Optical Engineering

    Background:

    • Bound states in the continuum (BICs) offer unique light confinement properties.
    • Phase-change materials (PCMs) enable dynamic control over optical properties.
    • Tunable vortex beams (VBs) are crucial for advanced optical applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To design and demonstrate a tunable vortex beam generator.
    • To utilize the phase-change properties of Sb2S3 for dynamic control of BICs.
    • To achieve dynamic switching of topological charges for VBs.

    Main Methods:

    • Employed antimony trisulfide (Sb2S3) as a phase-change material due to its significant refractive index contrast and low loss in the near-infrared.
    • Designed a photonic crystal plate incorporating Sb2S3.
    • Investigated the transition between amorphous and crystalline states of Sb2S3 to control BIC topological charges.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved dynamic switching of BIC topological charges, enabling the generation of tunable VBs at 1310 nm with topological charges of -2 and +2.
    • Demonstrated modulation of high- and low-order VBs (topological charges +4 and -2) by altering structural symmetry from C4v to C6v.
    • Successfully generated VBs using the polarization topology surrounding BICs.

    Conclusions:

    • A novel phase-change-based tunable vortex beam generator was successfully developed.
    • The dynamic control over topological charges opens new possibilities for optical communication, micromanipulation, and microscopy.
    • Sb2S3 proves to be an effective PCM for creating reconfigurable photonic devices.