Investigation of light transmittance and reflectance in the multi-particle sea-fog system

Studying the transmittance and reflectance of the sea-fog system is of great significance for ocean remote sensing and the accurate detection of targets in sea-fog. To this end, this paper develops a multiple-particle radiative transfer model that can simulate a more realistic ocean environment. We added dynamic wind speed and droplet liquid water contents as influencing factors, simulated the transmittance and reflectance of four sea areas in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and compared them with windless and static wind speed sea areas. The experimental results show that under windless conditions, the transmittance and reflectance of the ocean-sea fog system in the short-wave infrared range are affected by both wavelength and two particle volume fractions, with higher transmittance for systems in the 1-1.8 μm range and lower transmittance for systems in the 2.4-3 μm band. Meanwhile, with lower transmittance and higher reflectance at higher average wind speeds over the sea. In addition, the transmittance and reflectance of the system decrease as the water contents of the droplet liquid increase, but both are less affected by the water contents in the 1-1.2 μm and 2.4-3 μm bands. The thickness of the fog layer is also an important factor in the transmittance and reflectance of the system. It is worth noting that under the influence of various factors, the transmittance of the system in the 1-1.8 μm band is always high. The results provide a scientific basis and suggestions for the development of light sources more suitable for ocean-sea fog environments and for improving the accuracy of marine target detection.