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Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

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Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging
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Microfabrication of Implantable Optics Integrated in a Microstructured Imaging Window for Advanced In Vivo Imaging

Published on: April 11, 2025

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Glass multifocal microlens array through laser-induced topological transformation.

Samuel Benketaf, Martin Lentz, Yves Bellouard

    Optics Express
    |August 13, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    We developed a laser-induced method to create multifocal lens arrays with custom focal lengths. This technique precisely controls lens formation for advanced optical applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Materials Science
    • Manufacturing Technology

    Background:

    • Microlens arrays are crucial for optical systems.
    • Current manufacturing methods face limitations in flexibility and precision for arbitrary focal lengths.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate laser-induced topological transformation for manufacturing multifocal lens arrays.
    • To achieve arbitrary focal ranges with precise control over lens topology.

    Main Methods:

    • Cylindrical preforms were fabricated using femtosecond laser and chemical etching.
    • Topological transformation into plano-convex lenses was achieved via thermally induced viscous flow and surface tension.
    • In situ focal distance monitoring was used for real-time optical property regulation.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated precise control over microlens topology, irrespective of process variations.
    • Enabled design flexibility, creating lenses with varying focal lengths from identical preforms.
    • Implemented a predictive modeling framework for time-dependent volume transformation.

    Conclusions:

    • Laser-induced topological transformation offers a versatile method for fabricating custom multifocal lens arrays.
    • The process allows for precise control and design flexibility in microlens manufacturing.
    • Characterized optical performances of a demonstrated microlens array with multiple focal distances.