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Tailoring light to create invariant modal spectra through complex channels.

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    Researchers developed new invariant modes for structured light that overcome performance degradation in complex media. These robust modes offer a more practical solution for applications in secure communication, sensing, and imaging.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Information Science

    Background:

    • Structured light fields offer significant potential for classical and quantum applications.
    • Complex media like the atmosphere and optical fibers disrupt light's spatial properties, hindering performance.
    • Invariant modes offer a solution by appearing transparent to the medium, but practical implementation is challenging.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a practical method for generating invariant modes for structured light.
    • To overcome limitations of previous invariant mode approaches, such as large channel matrices and numerical artifacts.
    • To demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of these modes in complex environments.

    Main Methods:

    • Leveraging the modal description of paraxial light beams.
    • Developing a procedure to determine modes with invariant modal spectra.
    • Using atmospheric turbulence and Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) modes as an example basis.

    Main Results:

    • Identified robust modes with invariant modal spectra, usable in place of channel eigenmodes.
    • Achieved results using a significantly smaller basis (231 modes) compared to previous methods.
    • Demonstrated high fidelity (above 80%) of these modes after propagation through complex channels.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed approach provides a practical and reliable method for implementing invariant modes.
    • This technique overcomes numerical restrictions and improves performance in complex media.
    • The method is general and applicable to various complex media and modal bases, enabling real-world applications.