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    Researchers developed a terahertz metasurface using vanadium dioxide (VO2) for precise control of vortex beams. This breakthrough enhances applications in advanced communication and imaging technologies.

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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Metamaterials
    • Terahertz Technology

    Background:

    • Vortex beams with orbital angular momentum (OAM) are crucial for next-generation communication, quantum information processing, and advanced imaging.
    • Achieving precise, continuous, and full-space modulation of these beams remains a significant technological challenge.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and demonstrate a terahertz full-space coding metasurface for precise modulation of vortex beams.
    • To develop an advanced coding strategy for dynamic control of vortex beam properties.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a vanadium dioxide (VO2) based metasurface whose phase state is tunable via temperature.
    • Developed a generalized coding strategy, convolution, and generalized superposition for precise vortex beam generation and manipulation.
    • Implemented temperature-driven switching between transmission and reflection modes for the metasurface.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated continuous and precise modulation of vortex beam modes from 0 to 360° by convolving coding sequences.
    • Successfully superimposed deflected vortex beams carrying different OAM values using generalized superposition.
    • Achieved dynamic control over vortex beam wavefronts through the proposed coding strategy.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed terahertz metasurface and generalized coding strategy enable unprecedented continuous and precise modulation of vortex beams.
    • This work provides a foundational advancement for intelligent communication and high-resolution imaging technologies.