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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station
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High-resolution arrayed waveguide grating-assisted passive optical phased array for 2D beam steering.

Yuan Liu, Chongxin Zhang, Daniel M DeSantis

    Optics Express
    |August 13, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study presents a high-resolution optical phased array (OPA) using arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). It achieves unprecedented vertical resolution for 2D beam steering applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Optical Engineering
    • Integrated Optics

    Background:

    • Integrated optical phased arrays (OPAs) enable 2D beam steering via wavelength tuning.
    • High vertical resolution in AWG-assisted OPAs is limited by waveguide phase errors.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a high-resolution AWG-assisted OPA with improved vertical resolution.
    • To mitigate waveguide phase errors for enhanced beam steering performance.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized a 65-channel AWG-assisted OPA with 5 inputs.
    • Employed ultra-low loss silicon nitride waveguide technology.
    • Implemented transverse magnetic mode operation for phase error mitigation.

    Main Results:

    • Achieved a vertical resolution of 0.32° with a single input.
    • Demonstrated a beam width of 0.55° × 0.07° and 30° horizontal FOV.
    • Enhanced vertical resolution to 0.06° using all 5 inputs.
    • Showcased real-time 2D beam steering over a 25° × 5° FOV.

    Conclusions:

    • This work presents the highest vertical resolution reported for an AWG-based OPA.
    • The developed OPA technology is suitable for practical 2D beam steering applications.
    • Silicon nitride waveguides and TM mode operation are effective for high-resolution OPAs.