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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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Photonic matrix multiplier makes a direction-finding sensor.

Kevin Zelaya, Mohammad-Ali Miri

    Optics Express
    |August 13, 2025
    PubMed
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    We developed a photonic integrated circuit for optical direction-of-arrival estimation. This compact device uses phasefront sampling and analog processing for real-time angle sensing with minimal digital processing.

    Area of Science:

    • Photonics
    • Integrated Circuits
    • Optical Sensing

    Background:

    • Direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation is crucial for applications like radar and optical communication.
    • Traditional methods often require complex digital signal processing and bulky hardware.
    • There is a need for compact, real-time DOA estimation solutions, particularly in the optical domain.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To introduce a novel photonic integrated circuit (PIC) for direction-of-arrival estimation in the optical frequency band.
    • To demonstrate the feasibility of using a photonic matrix-vector multiplier for DOA sensing.
    • To analyze the performance trade-offs, including angular resolution and field-of-view, of the proposed PIC.

    Main Methods:

    • The proposed PIC samples the phasefront of an incident optical beam.

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  • Analog processing is performed using a photonic matrix-vector multiplier.
  • The angle of arrival is mapped to an output intensity profile.

    • Main Results:

    • Conditions for perfect DOA sensing for discrete and continuous angles were derived.
    • The angular resolution and field-of-view were analyzed based on the number of ports in the photonic circuit.
    • A trade-off between device complexity (unitary vs. non-unitary matrix operation) and field-of-view was identified.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed PIC offers a compact and efficient solution for real-time optical direction-of-arrival estimation.
    • The device minimizes the need for extensive digital signal processing.
    • This technology has the potential to advance optical sensing and communication systems.