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    Area of Science:

    • Computational wave optics
    • Holography
    • Diffractive optics

    Background:

    • Conventional point spread functions (PSFs) assume symmetric wavefield distributions in orthogonal planes.
    • This symmetry limits accurate modeling of light propagation in non-orthogonal configurations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To address the challenge of sampling point spread functions (PSFs) in a tilted plane for computational wave optics and holography.
    • To develop and validate a novel asymmetric PSF formula for improved accuracy in off-axis light propagation.

    Main Methods:

    • Mathematical derivation of an asymmetric PSF formula.
    • Validation using the point-polygon hybrid method for computer-generated holograms.
    • Optical experiments involving spatial light modulators and obliquely incident light.

    Main Results:

    • The derived asymmetric PSF exhibits an angle-dependent asymmetric structure.
    • Successful validation of axial propagation of the asymmetric PSF in computer-generated holograms.
    • Experimental confirmation of off-axis propagation using modulated light and asymmetric phase patterns.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed asymmetric PSF accurately models wavefield distribution over tilted planes.
    • This method enables precise off-axis light propagation, surpassing the capabilities of conventional symmetric PSFs.
    • The findings advance computational wave optics and holography applications.