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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Physics
    • Electron Microscopy

    Background:

    • Extended Ptychographical Iterative Engine (ePIE) is standard for 4-D STEM phase retrieval.
    • ePIE requires substantial overlap between adjacent illuminated areas for data redundancy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop a regularized ePIE variant robust to low overlap ratios in 4-D STEM data.
    • To assess the performance of the new algorithm on experimental and synthetic datasets.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a regularized variant of the ePIE algorithm.
    • Tested the algorithm on experimental 4-D STEM data of Rotavirus particles.
    • Created synthetic 4-D STEM datasets by down-sampling probe positions to simulate low overlap.

    Main Results:

    • The regularized ePIE achieved high-quality reconstruction of Rotavirus particles.
    • Successful reconstruction was demonstrated with overlap ratios as low as 56%.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed regularized ePIE algorithm enhances robustness to low overlap in 4-D STEM.
    • This advancement allows for high-quality phase retrieval with reduced data acquisition requirements.