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Transmission Electron Microscopy

Transmission Electron Microscopy

In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...

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High performance transmission-type meta-surface for generating terahertz focused vortex beams.

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Published on: July 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Metamaterials
Terahertz Technology

Background:

Conventional focused vortex beam (FVB) generators are bulky and difficult to integrate.
Challenges exist in achieving high efficiency and purity in FVB generation.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and demonstrate a novel transmission-type Pancharatnam-Berry (PB) meta-surface for generating terahertz FVBs.
To achieve high focusing efficiency and purity using all-dielectric silicon meta-atoms.

Main Methods:

Design of a two-layer silicon pillar meta-surface exhibiting opposite symmetry Fabry-Perot resonances.
Fabrication of the meta-surface with etched structures on silicon pillars.
Experimental characterization of FVB generation efficiency and purity at terahertz frequencies.
Numerical simulation of complex devices like FVB deflectors and dual-focal meta-surfaces.

Main Results:

Experimental demonstration of nearly perfect focused terahertz vortex beams with high focusing efficiency (91.0%) and purity (93.9%).
Achieved opposite circular polarization for incident beams.
Numerical simulations confirmed good performance for FVB deflectors (94.4% efficiency, 92.5% purity) and dual-focal meta-surfaces (92.8% efficiency, 92.1% purity).

Conclusions:

The proposed PB meta-surface enables high-efficiency generation of terahertz FVBs.
This technology offers a pathway for developing compact, integrated optical devices.
Potential applications include particle manipulation, information processing, and optical metrology.