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    This study introduces programmable illumination for Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM), enhancing flexibility and imaging performance. The advanced FPM system offers improved resolution, accuracy, and robustness for scientific imaging applications.

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    Area of Science:

    • Computational imaging
    • Microscopy
    • Optical engineering

    Background:

    • Fourier ptychographic microscopy (FPM) is a powerful computational imaging technique.
    • FPM achieves high-resolution, wide-field imaging by combining multiple low-resolution images.
    • Current FPM systems have limitations in flexibility and control over illumination.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop an advanced FPM system with enhanced flexibility using programmable illumination.
    • To demonstrate precise and dynamic control over illumination patterns.
    • To improve imaging resolution, accuracy, and robustness.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilizing computer-generated holography with a spatial light modulator to create re-configurable binary grating patterns.
    • Generating programmable illumination beams for dynamic control.
    • Implementing intensity uniformization and aberration compensation for illumination beams.

    Main Results:

    • Proof-of-concept simulations demonstrating the system's feasibility.
    • Experimental results validating the effectiveness of the programmable illumination FPM system.
    • Enhanced imaging resolution, accuracy, and robustness achieved.

    Conclusions:

    • The proposed programmable-based beam illumination FPM system significantly enhances FPM capabilities.
    • This advancement offers greater flexibility and control in microscopy applications.
    • The system shows great potential for various scientific imaging challenges.