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Related Concept Videos

Bioplastics01:27

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...
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Updated: Jul 18, 2026

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Engineered Extraocular Muscle with Decellularized Tissue and Synthetic Biodegradable Polymers: Design, Properties,

Fatma Yülek1,2, Özge Ekin Akdere2, Sena Koç Akbayrak3,4

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara 06031, Turkey.

ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel hybrid graft using poly(caprolactone) (PCL), poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), and decellularized bovine extraocular muscle (dEOM) to treat severe muscle loss. This innovative graft material effectively promotes extraocular muscle regeneration in animal models.

Keywords:
decellularizationelectrospinningextraocular muscleextraocular muscle regenerationpoly(caprolactone) (PCL)poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Severe muscle loss and thyroid ophthalmopathy pose significant clinical challenges.
  • Current treatments often rely on autografts, which have limitations.
  • There is a need for advanced graft materials to improve muscle regeneration outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize a novel hybrid graft for treating severe muscle loss and thyroid ophthalmopathy.
  • To evaluate the muscle regenerative potential of the hybrid graft in vitro and in vivo.
  • To assess the efficacy of the hybrid graft as an alternative to autografts.

Main Methods:

  • A three-layer hybrid graft was fabricated using poly(caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) membranes, and decellularized bovine extraocular muscle (dEOM).
  • Physical and chemical characterization of the graft was performed.
  • In vitro studies assessed cell adhesion and proliferation using C2C12 myoblasts.
  • In vivo studies involved creating muscle defects in rabbits and analyzing tissue regeneration over 45 days.

Main Results:

  • The hybrid graft demonstrated biocompatibility, supporting C2C12 cell adhesion and proliferation in vitro.
  • In vivo studies in rabbits showed that the graft promoted extraocular muscle regeneration.
  • Electrophysiological and immunohistological analyses confirmed enhanced muscle fiber development and organization over time.

Conclusions:

  • The developed g-dEOM/aPCL-PLGA hybrid graft is a promising material for extraocular muscle regeneration.
  • This novel graft enhances surgical efficacy and offers a viable alternative to traditional autografts.
  • The findings support the potential of this hybrid graft for clinical applications in treating muscle defects.