Bibliometric Insights into Human Metapneumovirus Interventions: Trends, Gaps, and Future Directions

Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a significant cause of respiratory tract infections, particularly in young children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Despite its global impact, research on therapeutic, diagnostic, and preventive interventions remains fragmented. This study conducts a bibliometric analysis to evaluate global trends, advancements, and gaps in HMPV intervention research.

Bibliometric data were retrieved from the Scopus database using keywords related to HMPV interventions, including "treatment," "vaccine," and "diagnostics," for the period 2000-2025. Data were analyzed using Biblioshiny, the graphical interface of the Bibliometrix R package. Descriptive metrics, keyword analysis, thematic evolution, and collaboration networks were assessed, with results visualized as charts, maps, and network diagrams.

A total of 2482 publications were analyzed. Research output accelerated markedly after 2015, driven by advances in molecular diagnostics and global interest in respiratory viruses. The United States, the United Kingdom, and China emerged as leading contributors, while low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remained underrepresented. The most productive journals were Journal of Clinical Virology and Journal of Medical Virology. Prominent themes included vaccine development, antiviral therapies, and molecular diagnostics. However, key research gaps were identified in the areas of coinfections, long-term sequelae, and interventions tailored for high-risk and resource-limited populations. Collaboration networks highlighted concentrated partnerships among high-income countries, indicating limited global equity in HMPV research.

While progress in HMPV research is evident, critical disparities remain in global collaboration and focus areas. Future efforts should prioritize inclusive partnerships, increased research in LMICs, and the development of affordable diagnostic and therapeutic solutions. This bibliometric analysis serves as a roadmap to guide equitable and impactful global HMPV research.