Gut microbiome dysregulation in noninfectious uveitis

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Immunology
• Microbiology

Background:

• Noninfectious uveitis (NIU) is a vision-threatening autoimmune ocular condition.
• The precise pathogenesis of NIU remains incompletely understood.
• Emerging evidence implicates gut microbiome dysbiosis in NIU development and progression.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on gut microbiome and metabolite dysregulation in NIU.
• To explore the underlying mechanisms of gut-eye axis interactions in NIU.
• To discuss potential therapeutic strategies targeting the gut microbiome for NIU management.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating the gut microbiome in NIU.
• Analysis of proposed mechanisms linking gut dysbiosis to ocular autoimmunity.
• Exploration of therapeutic interventions modulating gut microbiota.

Main Results:

• Gut microbiome dysbiosis is frequently observed in patients with NIU.
• Mechanisms such as microbial translocation, molecular mimicry, and bystander activation are implicated.
• Alterations in gut microbial metabolites may contribute to NIU pathogenesis.

Conclusions:

• The gut-eye axis plays a significant role in NIU pathogenesis.
• Modulating the gut microbiome offers a promising therapeutic avenue for NIU.
• Interventions including probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbial transplantation warrant further investigation for NIU treatment.