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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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Arbitrary methodological decisions skew inter-brain synchronization estimates in hyperscanning-EEG studies.

Marius Zimmermann1,2, Kathrine Schultz-Nielsen2, Guillaume Dumas3,4

  • 1Chair of Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Hyperscanning research using electroencephalography (EEG) needs standardized methods. This study reveals how data processing choices, like epoch length and correlation methods, impact inter-brain synchronization (IBS) estimates, offering recommendations for more reliable results.

Keywords:
EEGcircular correlationepoch lengthhyperscanninginter-brain synchronizationsignal-to-noise ratio

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Human Interaction Research

Background:

  • Hyperscanning, using techniques like fMRI, EEG, fNIRS, and MEG, is crucial for studying neural processes in human interaction.
  • Lack of standardized preprocessing and analysis methods in hyperscanning can affect inter-brain synchronization (IBS) estimates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the impact of common methodological choices on phase-based IBS measures in hyperscanning data.
  • To introduce a more reliable method for computing circular correlation coefficients in IBS studies.
  • To provide recommendations for improving the validity and replicability of hyperscanning-EEG research.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized real and simulated dual electroencephalography (EEG) hyperscanning data.
  • Systematically evaluated the effects of preprocessing and analysis choices on IBS estimates.
  • Introduced and compared a novel circular correlation method against standard approaches.

Main Results:

  • A new circular correlation method demonstrated improved reliability over standard approaches, reducing fluctuations in IBS estimates.
  • Short epoch durations (≤1 second) were found to inflate IBS estimates, particularly in the absence of strong interactions.
  • Signal-to-noise ratios and temporal factors can confound IBS estimates, especially when comparing different conditions like resting states versus motor actions.

Conclusions:

  • Methodological standardization is essential for accurate and reproducible hyperscanning-EEG studies.
  • The choice of analytical methods, epoch duration, and consideration of signal quality are critical for valid IBS estimation.
  • Recommendations are provided to enhance the rigor of future inter-brain synchronization research.