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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

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The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Serial Two-Photon Tomography of the Whole Marmoset Brain for Neuroanatomical Analyses
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MEBRAINS 1.0: A new population-based macaque atlas.

Puiu F Balan1, Qi Zhu1,2, Xiaolian Li1

  • 1Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven Medical School, Leuven, Belgium.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The MEBRAINS template offers a new multi-subject, multimodal macaque brain atlas, improving data integration. This advanced template provides both volumetric and surface data, surpassing existing atlases for neuroimaging research.

Keywords:
T1- and T2-weighted MRIbrain atlascomputed tomography skull imaginggroup templatemacaque brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Comparative Anatomy
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Existing macaque brain templates often have limitations such as single-subject reliance, unimodality, or insufficient anatomical detail.
  • There is a growing need for comprehensive anatomical macaque brain templates to integrate multiscale, multimodal data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the MEBRAINS template, a novel multi-subject, multimodal macaque brain atlas designed to overcome limitations of existing templates.
  • To provide a foundation for integrating diverse neuroimaging data in *Macaca mulatta*.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized T1 and T2 MRI images from 10 *Macaca mulatta* subjects, averaged using the multi-brain toolbox for registration and segmentation.
  • Generated volumetric T1 and T2 templates, supplemented with white and gray matter surfaces using FreeSurfer.
  • Incorporated human-curated segmentations and registered CT scans for validation.

Main Results:

  • The MEBRAINS template offers multi-subject, multimodal, volume-and-surface data, including traditional and deep learning-based segmentations.
  • Quantitative analysis showed the MEBRAINS template is equal to or better than widely used macaque templates.
  • The template was populated with 3D maps of specific cortical regions based on cyto- and receptor architectonics.

Conclusions:

  • The MEBRAINS template enhances the integration of multimodal, multi-scale macaque data.
  • It provides researchers with a detailed map-like perspective to optimize neuroimaging analysis pipelines.
  • The template is integrated into EBRAINS and Scalable Brain Atlas infrastructures, offering accessible spatial registration tools.