Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Effects of transcranial electric stimulation on attentional functions in healthy adults: A meta-analysis.

Biological psychology·2026
Same author

Topography of Photophobia: Perifoveal Sensitivity Associations in Glaucoma.

Investigative ophthalmology & visual science·2026
Same author

Transcranial Static Magnetic Stimulation Dissociates the Causal Roles of the Parietal Cortex in Spatial and Temporal Processing.

eNeuro·2026
Same author

Simulating tDCS-induced electric fields in stroke patients: Realistic-lesion head models are needed.

NeuroImage. Clinical·2026
Same author

Temporal dynamics of the twinkle-goes illusion and its relationship to neural theta oscillations.

Experimental brain research·2025
Same author

Electroencephalographic Biomarkers of Relaxation: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Journal of cognitive neuroscience·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging
10:09

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2012

13.9K

Immediate effect of quadri-pulse stimulation on human brain microstructures and functions.

Ikko Kimura1,2, Masamichi J Hayashi1,2, Kaoru Amano1,2,3

  • 1Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Repetitive brain stimulation did not immediately alter brain microstructure. Functional connectivity decreased after excitatory stimulation, but no microstructural changes were observed, suggesting stimulation may be insufficient for immediate microstructural alterations.

Keywords:
diffusion magnetic resonance imagingfractional anisotropymean diffusivityplasticityquadri-pulse stimulationrepetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation

More Related Videos

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:50

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.5K
Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:36

Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: May 12, 2014

13.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging
10:09

Mapping the After-effects of Theta Burst Stimulation on the Human Auditory Cortex with Functional Imaging

Published on: September 12, 2012

13.9K
Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
08:50

Brain State-dependent Brain Stimulation with Real-time Electroencephalography-Triggered Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: August 20, 2019

14.5K
Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
09:36

Extracting Visual Evoked Potentials from EEG Data Recorded During fMRI-guided Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Published on: May 12, 2014

13.9K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Brain Stimulation

Background:

  • The immediate impact of repetitive brain stimulation on brain microstructure remains largely unknown.
  • Understanding these effects is crucial for developing targeted neuromodulation therapies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate immediate microstructural and functional changes in the human brain following repetitive stimulation of the primary motor cortex (M1).
  • To determine if excitatory or inhibitory stimulation protocols induce alterations in brain microstructure or functional connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Sixteen healthy adults received excitatory (QPS5) and inhibitory (QPS50) quadri-pulse stimulation (QPS) targeting the left M1.
  • Diffusion MRI and resting-state functional MRI were performed before and after QPS to assess microstructural and functional connectivity (FC) changes.

Main Results:

  • No significant microstructural alterations were detected in the cerebral cortex after either QPS5 or QPS50.
  • Excitatory QPS5 led to a significant decrease in FC between bilateral M1, while QPS50 did not significantly alter FC.
  • No correlation was found between microstructural changes and FC alterations.

Conclusions:

  • Repetitive stimulation of a single brain area may not be sufficient to induce immediate microstructural changes.
  • The observed decrease in functional connectivity after excitatory stimulation suggests potential functional, but not structural, immediate effects.