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Related Concept Videos

Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

Tactile and Chemical Senses

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS
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Neural substrates underlying multisensory stiffness perception via active touch and dynamic visual feedback.

Juan Liu1,2, Akiko Callan3, Atsushi Wada2

  • 1Universal Communication Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT), Kyoto, Japan.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study reveals distinct brain networks for processing object stiffness using active touch and dynamic visual feedback. The brain integrates multisensory stiffness cues in parietal regions and judges action-feedback congruency in frontal and parietal areas.

Keywords:
action-feedback congruencydynamic visual feedbackhaptic-visual stiffness perceptionmid-cingulate cortexsuperior parietal lobulesupramarginal gyrus

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Haptics

Background:

  • Humans actively use touch to perceive object properties like stiffness.
  • Active touch integrates visual and haptic information, with dynamic visual feedback being crucial.
  • Neural mechanisms for multisensory stiffness perception and action-feedback congruency are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the neural basis of multisensory stiffness perception.
  • Examine the role of dynamic visual feedback during active touch.
  • Identify brain regions involved in processing action-feedback congruency.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)-compatible device for virtual stiffness perception.
  • Conducted behavioral experiments to confirm visual-haptic cue integration.
  • Performed fMRI experiments to analyze neural responses to stiffness and action-feedback congruency.

Main Results:

  • Multisensory stiffness information converged in the superior parietal lobules and supramarginal gyri.
  • Congruent action-feedback activated the mid-cingulate cortex, postcentral gyrus, and parietal opercula.
  • Dynamic causal modeling indicated top-down modulation from the mid-cingulate cortex to parietal regions during congruent feedback.

Conclusions:

  • Two distinct neural networks likely support active touch perception: one for multisensory signal processing and another for action-feedback congruency.
  • The findings elucidate the neural mechanisms underlying the integration of active touch and dynamic visual feedback for object property estimation.