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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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Intrinsic functional connectivity delineates transmodal language functions.

Joseph J Salvo1, Nathan L Anderson1, Rodrigo M Braga1,2

  • 1Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.

Imaging Neuroscience (Cambridge, Mass.)
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individual intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) maps a distributed language network (LANG) that supports transmodal language functions, distinguishing abstract linguistic processing from unimodal sensory input.

Keywords:
auditory cortexdistributed association networksfunctional connectivitylanguageresting statespeech

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Language processing involves both unimodal sensory areas and transmodal areas processing input regardless of modality.
  • Previous research identified a distributed language network (LANG) using intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) that overlaps with reading task activations.
  • The distributed nature of LANG suggests transmodal, rather than unimodal, functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the individualized LANG network truly supports transmodal language functions.
  • To determine if LANG overlaps with brain regions activated by both auditory and visual language tasks.
  • To assess if LANG boundaries delineate transmodal language from unimodal auditory functions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized within-individual intrinsic functional connectivity (iFC) to map the language network (LANG).
  • Compared the individualized LANG with brain activity from auditory (listening to speech) and visual (reading sentences) language tasks.
  • Analyzed brain activity evoked by listening to filtered, incomprehensible speech to identify unimodal auditory function boundaries.

Main Results:

  • The individualized LANG network showed significant overlap with regions activated by both auditory and visual language tasks, supporting its transmodal role.
  • The boundaries of the LANG network along the lateral temporal cortex effectively distinguished transmodal language functions from unimodal auditory processing.
  • Activity from listening to filtered speech (unimodal auditory) was largely outside the LANG network but followed its boundaries.

Conclusions:

  • Individualized iFC effectively delineates a transmodal language network (LANG).
  • The findings support the hypothesis that LANG subserves abstract linguistic functions, distinct from sensory processing.
  • Within-individual iFC mapping is a potentially viable method for language mapping in individuals with aphasia who cannot perform standard tasks.