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Detection of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Haematological Malignancy Patients by using Lateral-flow Technology
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Co-Infection of Pulmonary Aspergillosis and Cryptococcal Meningitis in an HIV-Positive Patient: A Case Report

Marjan Hemmatian1, Sadegh Khodavaisy2,3, Hossein Kazemizadeh4

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Iranian Research Center HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.

Case Reports in Infectious Diseases
|August 13, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Opportunistic fungal infections are common in advanced human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This case highlights co-infection of pulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis in a late-diagnosed HIV patient with a low CD4 count.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Mycology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs) frequently affect human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals, particularly those with delayed diagnosis and treatment.
  • Severe HIV/AIDS cases with CD4 counts below 100 cells/µL are highly susceptible to multiple OFIs.

Observation:

  • This study details a case of a late-diagnosed HIV patient presenting with a significantly low CD4 count.

Findings:

  • The patient exhibited a co-infection involving pulmonary aspergillosis and cryptococcal meningitis.
  • This dual fungal infection underscores the severe opportunistic infections possible in advanced HIV.

Implications:

  • Early HIV diagnosis and treatment are crucial to prevent severe opportunistic infections like co-infections.
  • Managing co-infections in advanced HIV requires prompt and comprehensive antifungal strategies.
Keywords:
HIVcryptococcal meningitisopportunistic fungal infectionpulmonary aspergillosis

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