Clinical progress note: Varicella Zoster

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Immunology
• Public Health

Background:

• Varicella Zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella (chickenpox) and herpes zoster (shingles).
• Infections present with characteristic rashes, fever, and malaise, with potential for severe complications in vulnerable populations.
• VZV vaccines have been available for over 30 years, significantly impacting disease burden.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the clinical presentation and management of VZV infections.
• To emphasize the role of VZV vaccination in disease prevention.
• To inform hospitalists about VZV recognition and treatment, especially amid vaccine hesitancy.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of VZV epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and vaccine efficacy.
• Analysis of VZV reactivation patterns and complications.
• Discussion of current vaccination strategies and challenges.

Main Results:

• VZV infection typically manifests as a pruritic rash, which can reactivate as painful shingles.
• Severe complications and mortality are more common in immunocompromised individuals, pregnant women, and adults.
• VZV vaccination has substantially decreased morbidity and mortality rates.

Conclusions:

• Hospitalists must be adept at diagnosing and managing VZV infections.
• Vaccination remains the most effective strategy for preventing VZV-related diseases.
• Addressing vaccine hesitancy is crucial for maintaining public health gains against VZV.