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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Three Different Protocols of Corneal Collagen Crosslinking in Keratoconus: Conventional, Accelerated and Iontophoresis
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Delayed Onset Infectious Crystalline Keratopathy After Corneal Cross-linking.

Angela C Chen1, Sophie X Deng, Anthony J Aldave

  • 1Stein Eye Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA.

Cornea
|August 13, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delayed infectious crystalline keratopathy, a rare complication of corneal cross-linking (CXL), can occur over six months post-procedure. Early detection through corneal scraping is crucial for indolent infections following CXL.

Keywords:
Enterococcus faecaliscorneal cross-linkinginfectious crystalline keratopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Corneal Surgery
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Corneal cross-linking (CXL) is a standard treatment for progressive keratoconus.
  • Complications after CXL are typically early-onset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To document a case of delayed infectious crystalline keratopathy (ICK) occurring more than six months after uncomplicated corneal cross-linking (CXL).

Main Methods:

  • Clinical examination including slit-lamp microscopy.
  • Confocal microscopy and anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for imaging.
  • Corneal cultures for microbiological analysis.

Main Results:

  • A patient developed ICK eight months post-CXL, presenting with corneal thinning and opacification.
  • Corneal scraping revealed Enterococcus faecalis infection.
  • Treatment with topical antibiotics and subsequent deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty resolved the infection without recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious crystalline keratopathy can manifest late, over six months after CXL.
  • Progressive stromal thinning and opacification post-CXL warrant investigation for indolent infections.
  • Prompt corneal scraping and cultures are essential for diagnosing and managing late-onset ICK.