The Physiological and Pathological Mechanisms of LIN2, LIN7, LIN10 and Their Tripartite Complex

The LIN family represents a set of conserved proteins that are pivotal in the establishment of cell polarity, the development of synapses and signal transduction processes. Its members, polarity proteins LIN2, LIN7 and LIN10, interact with diverse target proteins via the PDZ domain, SH3-GK tandem domain and PTB domain. Through these interactions, they are actively engaged in the establishment and modulation of apical-basal polarity. Moreover, LIN2, LIN7 and LIN10, along with their associated complex LIN2/7/10, participate in the physiological phenomena of synaptic transmission and receptor localisation. In addition, from a pathological perspective, LIN2, LIN7 and LIN10 are intricately linked to the genesis and progression of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disorders and a wide spectrum of tumours. This review focuses on the polarity proteins LIN2, LIN7, LIN10 and their complex. It summarises the functions of these molecular domains, systematically arranges their regulatory mechanisms in both physiological and pathological contexts and summarises the current state of research on LIN2, LIN7, LIN10 and their complex. The objective is to furnish a robust theoretical foundation for the prospective utilisation of polarity proteins and their complex as cancer markers and therapeutic targets.