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Related Concept Videos

Extraction: Advanced Methods00:56

Extraction: Advanced Methods

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Metal ions can be separated from one another by complexation with organic ligands–the chelating agent– to form uncharged chelates. Here, the chelating agent must contain hydrophobic groups and behave as a weak acid, losing a proton to bind with the metal. Since most organic ligands used in this process are insoluble or undergo oxidation in the aqueous phase, the chelating agent is initially added to the organic phase and extracted into the aqueous phase. The metal-ligand complex is...
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Common Ion Effect03:24

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Compared with pure water, the solubility of an ionic compound is less in aqueous solutions containing a common ion (one also produced by dissolution of the ionic compound). This is an example of a phenomenon known as the common ion effect, which is a consequence of the law of mass action that may be explained using Le Châtelier’s principle. Consider the dissolution of silver iodide:
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Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

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In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.0K
Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes01:09

Complexation Equilibria: Factors Influencing Stability of Complexes

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In complexation reactions, metal cations are the electron pair acceptors, and the ligands are the electron pair donors. The stability of the metal complexes depends primarily on the complexing ability of the central metal ion and the nature of the ligands. Generally, the complexing ability of the metal ion depends on the size and charge of the ion. As the metal ion size increases, the stability of the metal complexes decreases, provided that the valency of the metal ion and the ligands remain...
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Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
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Layered Rare-Earth Hydroxides Intercalated with Metal Complexes: Copper Malonates Make a Difference.

Ekaterina D Sheichenko1,2, Alexey D Yapryntsev1, Natalia V Gogoleva1

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Malonate ligands enable intercalation of copper complexes into rare-earth hydroxides. This method allows for controlled synthesis of novel hybrid materials with tunable properties.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Layered rare-earth hydroxides (LREHs) are versatile host materials.
  • Malonate ligands facilitate the intercalation of metal complexes into LREHs.
  • Tuning coordination geometry and composition of intercalated complexes is crucial for material properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate the intercalation of copper(II) malonate complexes into LREHs.
  • To explore the influence of malonate substituents on copper content.
  • To develop a method for *in situ* metalation of intercalated complexes.

Main Methods:

  • Anion-exchange reactions at room temperature.
  • Synthesis and characterization of copper(II) malonate complexes.
  • Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), SEM, EDX, IR, UV-Vis, and EPR spectroscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successful intercalation of copper malonate complexes into Y, Eu, and Tb hydroxides.
  • Copper content varied with malonate substituents, with dimethylmalonate yielding the highest.
  • First-time intercalation of dimethyl- and benzylmalonate into layered yttrium hydroxide.
  • *In situ* metalation yielded well-defined Cu2+ species without lattice disruption.
  • DFT provided insights into copper complex structural arrangements.

Conclusions:

  • Malonate ligands are effective for intercalating metal complexes into LREHs.
  • The *in situ* metalation approach expands the range of accessible hybrid materials.
  • The developed method allows for controlled synthesis of functionalized LREHs.