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Oral Health Policy in Brazil: transformations and setbacks from 2019 to 2022.

Lília Paula de Souza Santos1, Sônia Cristina Lima Chaves2, Ana Maria Freire de Souza Lima2

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Summary

Oral health policy in Brazil under the Bolsonaro administration saw increased Oral Health Teams (OHTs) and specialized centers, but decreased dental consultations and supervised tooth brushing, impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Health Policy
  • Dental Public Health

Background:

  • The Bolsonaro administration (2019-2022) in Brazil faced challenges in implementing federal oral health policies.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted public health services, including oral healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess federal oral health policy in Brazil during the Bolsonaro administration.
  • To analyze institutional actions, public dental service implementation, indicator outcomes, and financing compared to 2018.

Main Methods:

  • Document review and secondary data analysis were employed.
  • Key performance indicators tracked included Oral Health Teams (OHTs), specialized centers, dental consultations, and specific treatments.

Main Results:

  • Oral Health Teams (OHTs) coverage increased by 3.8% to 46.8% (29,122 implemented), and specialized centers by 4.1%.
  • However, dental consultation coverage (5.6%) and supervised tooth brushing (0.14%) reached historical lows.
  • Reductions were observed in endodontic (12.4%) and periodontal (16.0%) treatments, while dental prostheses increased by 29.4%.

Conclusions:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected oral health policy outcomes, reducing coverage for initial dental appointments, supervised tooth brushing, and specialized procedures.
  • Despite some expansions in OHTs and specialized centers, overall access to essential and specialized dental care declined during this period.