Recent Advances in Isatin-Thiazole Hybrids: Synthesis, Structural Design, and Biological Application

Isatin-thiazole hybrids are considered privileged chemical scaffolds due to their broad spectrum of pharmacological properties, making them attractive candidates for drug development. As a result, isatin-thiazole derivatives have emerged as a prominent class of hybrid heterocycles and have been the focus of extensive research in recent years, aiming to address gaps in the discovery of potent new drugs. This review presents a comprehensive survey of the synthetic strategies employed to obtain isatin-thiazole derivatives, highlighting the key reactive sites of the isatin core. In addition, it summarizes the biological activities of isatin-thiazole compounds that exhibit promising anticancer, anticonvulsant, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and antioxidant properties. The goal of this review is to provide an updated and thorough overview of the synthesis and biological activities for potential applications of isatin-thiazole derivatives, based on studies published up to 2024.