Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 11, 2025
09:36
Halogenated Agent Delivery in Porcine Model of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome via an Intensive Care Unit Type Device
Published on: September 24, 2020
2.9K
CROI 2025: Acute and Postacute COVID-19.
Annukka A R Antar1, Michael J Peluso2
1Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Topics in Antiviral Medicine
|August 13, 2025
Summary
The protease inhibitor ensitrelvir shows promise for preventing COVID-19 after exposure. mRNA vaccines and novel antivirals offer protection and symptom relief, while research deepens understanding of long COVID's diverse effects.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Virology
- Immunology
Background:
- Acute and postacute COVID-19 research is crucial for public health.
- Understanding long-term sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection remains a priority.
- Advances in diagnostics and therapeutics are needed for effective COVID-19 management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To present key findings on COVID-19 therapeutics and vaccines from the 2025 Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI).
- To evaluate the efficacy of ensitrelvir for postexposure prophylaxis of COVID-19.
- To assess the protective effects of different mRNA vaccine booster doses in various populations and explore novel antiviral strategies.
Main Methods:
- The SCORPIO-PEP study evaluated ensitrelvir for postexposure prophylaxis.
- The Ubuntu study compared monovalent and bivalent mRNA booster doses in individuals with and without HIV.
- A phase II study investigated an inhaled small interfering RNA antiviral for acute COVID-19.
Main Results:
- Ensitrelvir demonstrated effectiveness as postexposure prophylaxis against COVID-19.
- Monovalent and bivalent mRNA booster doses showed comparable protection in people with or without HIV.
- An inhaled small interfering RNA antiviral led to faster viral clearance and symptom resolution.
- Research highlighted various long-term consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including immunologic, metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurologic sequelae.
Conclusions:
- Ensitrelvir is a potential option for COVID-19 postexposure prophylaxis.
- mRNA vaccine boosters provide robust protection, regardless of formulation or HIV status.
- Novel antiviral strategies, like inhaled small interfering RNA, show promise for treating acute COVID-19.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the epidemiology and pathogenesis of long COVID and develop targeted therapeutics.
Related Concept Videos
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome III: Diagnostic Studies
23
Diagnosing acute coronary syndrome or ACS begins with a thorough patient history. Notable symptoms include central, crushing chest pain radiating to the left arm, neck, jaw, or back, along with shortness of breath, sweating (diaphoresis), nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and palpitations.It is crucial to note any history of cardiac illnesses and assess risk factors, including age, gender, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and a sedentary lifestyle.During physical examination, vital...
23
01:27Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-IV: Assessement and Diagnostic Studies
2.6K
Assessing and diagnosing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a detailed approach that includes a comprehensive review of medical history, physical examination, and a variety of diagnostic tests. This thorough evaluation is essential to ensure an accurate diagnosis and guide effective management strategies.
Medical History
Medical History
2.6K
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-I
327
Acute respiratory failure is a condition characterized by the inability of the lungs to perform their primary function: gas exchange. This failure leads to insufficient oxygen levels (hypoxemia) in the blood, elevated carbon dioxide levels (hypercapnia), or both, causing critical impairment in organ function.
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
Definition: It is defined by specific criteria based on blood gas measurements. Hypoxemia happens when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) falls below 60 mmHg. At the same time,...
327
01:30Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction
72
Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
72
01:21Acute Respiratory Failure-II
362
Type I Respiratory Failure, or hypoxemic respiratory failure, occurs when the partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) in arterial blood falls below 60 mmHg while breathing room air without a corresponding increase in arterial carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2). This condition highlights a significant impairment in the lungs' capacity to oxygenate the blood.
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
The underlying physiological abnormalities that contribute to hypoxemic respiratory failure include:
362
01:19Acute Coronary Syndrome II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations
46
The pathophysiology of Acute Coronary Syndrome [ACD] involves several key processes:The main underlying cause of ACD is atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the buildup of lipid-laden plaques within the coronary arteries.As the atherosclerotic plaque grows in the coronary artery, it may become unstable due to the formation of a lipid-rich core and a thin fibrous cap. Inflammatory cells within the plaque, such as macrophages, secrete enzymes that degrade the...
46