Locus of hope: Psychometric evaluation of the short scale for Indonesian college students

The need to employ a measurement instrument for the hope that aligns with the cultural context of Indonesia is critical. However, no empirically validated instrument is currently available for the Indonesian population. This study marks the initial effort to adapt the Locus-of-Hope (LoH) instrument for application in the Indonesian context. The Study aims to conduct a psychometric evaluation of the Short Version of LoH Scale for use with Indonesian university students, utilizing three testing models (1-factor, 2-factor, and 4-factor). The research was undertaken in two parts. Phase 1 included translation and content validation processes, with four translators, eight expert reviewers, and eight students reviewing item readability. Phase 2 included 501 student respondents from diverse Indonesian backgrounds. Who tested the Short Version of the LoH instrument. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and internal consistency testing were employed to analyze the data. The 4-factor model had good fit with the data (CFI = 0.963, TLI = 0.954, RMSEA = 0.051 (90 % CI: 0.042-0.060), and SRMR = 0.039), whereas the 1- and 2- factor model did not. The 4-factor exhibited strong internal reliability, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.705 to 0.877. The Short Version of the LoH instrument's adaptation was determined to be a suitable and valid measure of hope for university students in Indonesia. This adapted version serves a valuable tool for researchers and practitioners interested in conducting studies or implementing interventions related to hope.