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Ethical Issues01:27

Ethical Issues

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Nurses are essential in patient care, upholding the ethical principles of their profession and effectively navigating ethical dilemmas. Neglecting ethical issues can lead to inadequate patient care, compromised therapeutic relationships, and moral distress among healthcare workers.
Ethical Concerns in Healthcare:
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Overview of Anatomy and Physiology01:24

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Human anatomy is the scientific study of the body's structures. Some of these structures are very small and can only be observed and analyzed with the assistance of a microscope. Other larger structures can readily be seen, manipulated, measured, and weighed. The word "anatomy" comes from a Greek root that means "to cut apart." Human anatomy was first studied by observing the body's exterior and the wounds of soldiers and other injuries. Later, physicians were allowed to...
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Nursing Ethical Principles II01:27

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Ethical principles are essential in guiding nurses to fulfill their responsibilities, focusing on the quality of nursing care and decision-making. These principles, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, shape the ethical framework within healthcare settings.
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Inclusive Fitness00:57

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Most altruistic behavior—in which one animal helps another at a cost to themselves—occurs between relatives. Scientists think these altruistic behaviors evolved because they increase the inclusive fitness of the animal providing help.
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Typical heart performance is influenced by heart rate, rhythm, myocardial contraction, and metabolism or blood flow. The cardiac muscle exhibits distinct electrophysiological features, including pacemaker activity and calcium channel control, which play a vital role in the heart's response to various drugs. The autonomic nervous system, comprising the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches, regulates heart rate. Sympathetic activation increases heart rate, while parasympathetic activation...
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Nursing Ethical Principles I01:22

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Ethical principles serve as the moral compass in the longstanding tradition of nursing, guiding healthcare professionals in their interactions with patients and families. These principles, namely autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, and fidelity, provide a robust framework for navigating the ethical complexities of daily nursing practice.
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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Educating for equity: implementing trans-affirmative competencies in physiology curriculum.

Athul Km1, Satendra Singh1,2, Khan Amir Maroof3,2

  • 1Department of Physiology, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.

Advances in Physiology Education
|August 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Indian medical schools are integrating essential trans-affirmative competencies into physiology curricula. This pilot study shows the feasibility of teaching gender-inclusive care skills to future doctors, enhancing patient respect and evidence-based practice.

Keywords:
LGBTQIAhealth humanitiestrans-affirmative competenciestransgender healthundergraduate medical education

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Public Health
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Indian medical curricula currently lack trans-affirmative competencies, hindering respectful care for transgender and gender-diverse individuals despite legal protections.
  • There is a critical need to equip future healthcare professionals with the skills to provide evidence-based and inclusive care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To longitudinally embed trans-affirmative competencies into the first-year physiology curriculum for medical students.
  • To assess the feasibility and effectiveness of integrating gender-inclusive education within existing medical training.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot curriculum development study using Kern's Six-Step Approach was conducted with 170 first-year MBBS students over 11 months.
  • 16 trans-affirmative competencies were adapted and integrated into theory, practical, ethics, and early clinical exposure sessions, utilizing health humanities tools.
  • Competencies were aligned with the five roles of the Indian Medical Graduate.

Main Results:

  • The integrated curriculum spanned 1,005 minutes, primarily in ethics and early clinical exposure sessions.
  • Facilitator feedback showed unanimous support for the appropriateness and effectiveness of the competencies.
  • Student feedback indicated that 69.0% found the addition relevant and 80.6% deemed it essential for future practice.

Conclusions:

  • Integrating trans-affirmative competencies into medical education is feasible without disrupting core curricula.
  • This study offers a replicable model for gender-inclusive medical education.
  • Humanities-based pedagogy can foster inclusive, rights-based healthcare and enhance empathy in medical students.