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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Initial 3D Cell Cluster Control in a Hybrid Gel Cube Device for Repeatable Pattern Formations

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Engineering morphogenesis of cell clusters with differentiable programming.

Ramya Deshpande¹, Francesco Mottes^2,3, Ariana-Dalia Vlad⁴

¹School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA. rdeshpande@seas.harvard.edu.

Nature Computational Science

|August 13, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered rules for organismal development using automatic differentiation. This method deciphers genetic networks and cell interactions, advancing our understanding of how complex biological structures form.

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Computational Biology
Systems Biology

Background:

Understanding organismal development is a fundamental challenge in biology.
Development involves coordinating cellular actions to form complex structures.
Existing models often lack detailed local interaction rules.

Purpose of the Study:

To discover local interaction rules and genetic networks governing development.
To model emergent, systems-level characteristics from cellular interactions.
To provide a computational framework for studying developmental processes.

Main Methods:

Utilized advances in automatic differentiation to learn interaction rules.
Modeled a growing tissue with cell interactions via morphogen diffusion, adhesion, and mechanical stress.
Incorporated internal genetic networks within cells for decision-making.

Main Results:

Successfully learned interpretable genetic networks for cell interactions.
Demonstrated the ability to model complex developmental scenarios.
Showcased a method to infer parameters governing cell behavior.

Conclusions:

Automatic differentiation offers a powerful approach to uncover developmental rules.
This methodology can integrate with experimental data for deeper insights.
Provides a promising path toward unraveling the cellular basis of development.