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A noncarcinoma mouse cell line is nonsusceptible to Newcastle disease virus established by spontaneous
Hanlue Li1, Zijie Zhou1, Chuanyu Chang1
1College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Newcastle disease virus (NDV), as an avian pathogen, can infect a broad spectrum of cell lines in vitro. However, noncarcinoma cell lines possessing nonsusceptibility to NDV are rare. Here, we isolated primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), which are nonsusceptible to NDV. MEF-derived cells were generated by passaging the cells over fifty times to achieve spontaneous immortalization. Two of the resulting cell lines were named SLM-21 and MEF50. Karyotype analysis revealed that SLM-21 has a near-tetraploid karyotype and that MEF50 shows a near-tetraploid and near-hexaploid chimeric karyotype. NDV exerted a significant cytopathic effect on MEF50, and substantial viral replication was observed. In contrast, NDV did not have a significant effect on SLM-21, indicating that SLM-21 was a nonsusceptible cell line to NDV, while MEF50 was a susceptible cell line. The NDV authentic sialic acid (SA) receptors SA 2,3-Gal and SA 2,6-Gal were expressed in SLM-21. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the non-susceptibility of SLM-21 may be related to its broadly activated antiviral pathways and fine-tuned regulation of the cell cycle and DNA damage. This study provides a basic cell platform for exploring viral susceptibility and pathogenesis as well as host-virus interactions during NDV infection.
Insights
Researchers identified mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) nonsusceptible to Newcastle disease virus (NDV). This discovery offers a novel cell platform for studying viral interactions and pathogenesis in avian disease research.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Immunology
Background:
- Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infects many cell types, but non-susceptible non-carcinoma cell lines are scarce.
- Understanding host-virus interactions is crucial for controlling avian diseases.
Purpose of the Study:
- To isolate and characterize novel non-susceptible cell lines for Newcastle disease virus (NDV) research.
- To establish a cellular model for investigating NDV pathogenesis and host-virus interactions.
Main Methods:
- Isolation and immortalization of primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs).
- Newcastle disease virus (NDV) infection assays to determine cytopathic effects and viral replication.
- Karyotype analysis to characterize cell line genetics.
- Transcriptomic analysis to investigate molecular mechanisms of non-susceptibility.
Main Results:
- Two immortalized MEF-derived cell lines, SLM-21 and MEF50, were established.
- SLM-21 demonstrated non-susceptibility to NDV, while MEF50 was susceptible.
- SLM-21 expressed NDV sialic acid receptors but exhibited activated antiviral pathways and regulated cell cycle/DNA damage responses.
- MEF50 showed significant cytopathic effects and viral replication upon NDV infection.
Conclusions:
- SLM-21 serves as a valuable non-susceptible cell line for studying Newcastle disease virus (NDV) interactions.
- The non-susceptibility of SLM-21 is linked to its intrinsic antiviral defenses and cell cycle regulation.
- This research provides a foundational cell platform for advancing NDV research and understanding avian viral pathogenesis.
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