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A regularized-multi-field optimization algorithm for robust IMPT.

Ying Luo1,2,3, Chao Wang3, Ya-Nan Zhu3

  • 1Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China.

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|August 14, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Regularized-Multi-Field Optimization (R-MFO) enhances proton therapy robustness and plan quality by integrating single-field uniform dose with multi-field optimization. This novel method improves target coverage and organ-at-risk sparing while managing uncertainties.

Keywords:
Alternative direction multiplier methodintensity modulated proton therapysingle‐field uniform dose

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Computational Optimization

Background:

  • Proton therapy planning aims for conformal dose delivery, sparing healthy tissues.
  • Range uncertainties and patient motion can compromise target coverage and organ-at-risk (OAR) sparing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Introduce Regularized-Multi-Field Optimization (R-MFO), a novel method for proton therapy.
  • Incorporate single-field uniform dose as a regularization term into multi-field optimization (MFO).
  • Reduce sensitivity to uncertainties while maintaining MFO plan quality.

Main Methods:

  • R-MFO iteratively combines uniform dose distribution with MFO flexibility.
  • Introduced a dose equality constraint for target volumes as a regularization term.
  • Robust optimization applied for range (3.5%) and setup (3-5mm) uncertainties in head and neck, liver, and lung cases.
  • Iterative convex relaxation (ICR) and alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) used for optimization.

Main Results:

  • R-MFO demonstrated significantly enhanced robustness over MFO, with narrower uncertainty bands.
  • Plan quality analysis showed R-MFO achieved higher conformity indices and improved dose coverage compared to single-field optimization (SFO).
  • Both MFO and R-MFO reduced esophageal dose metrics in the lung case.
  • R-MFO had longer computational time compared to MFO.

Conclusions:

  • R-MFO successfully integrates SFO's uniform dose characteristics with MFO's flexibility.
  • Achieved enhanced robustness compared to MFO and superior plan quality compared to SFO.
  • Represents a promising advancement in robust proton therapy treatment planning.