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Fine-Tuning Models for Histopathological Classification of Colorectal Cancer.

Houda Saif ALGhafri1, Chia S Lim2

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This study enhances colorectal cancer classification using fine-tuned deep learning models. Transfer learning strategies significantly improved accuracy and generalizability in histopathological image analysis.

Keywords:
colorectal cancerdeep learningfine-tuninghistopathological imagestransfer learning

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Area of Science:

  • Medical image analysis
  • Computational pathology
  • Deep learning in oncology

Background:

  • Accurate colorectal cancer (CRC) diagnosis relies on histopathological image analysis.
  • Improving the accuracy and generalizability of automated CRC classification is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and evaluate transfer learning strategies for CRC histopathological image classification.
  • To fine-tune multiple pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures based on their unique characteristics.
  • To enhance the diagnostic potential of deep learning models in CRC detection.

Main Methods:

  • Proposed CRCHistoDense, CRCHistoIncep, and CRCHistoXcep models, algorithmically fine-tuned at varying depths.
  • Applied transfer learning using pre-trained models on specialized and multiple datasets (10,613 images).
  • Integrated Grad-CAM for visual explanations to validate model decision-making and improve transparency.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high average test accuracies: CRCHistoDense (99.34%), CRCHistoIncep (99.48%), and CRCHistoXcep (99.45%).
  • Demonstrated significant performance improvements across diverse datasets, including unseen data.
  • Statistical tests (t-tests, ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis) confirmed the significance of the improvements (p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

  • Fine-tuning CNN architectures based on their characteristics significantly enhances CRC classification performance.
  • The proposed transfer learning strategies improve both accuracy and generalizability in histopathological image analysis.
  • These findings underscore the potential of deep learning models to advance CRC diagnostics.