Effect of Probiotics on Uric Acid Levels: Meta-Analysis with Subgroup Analysis and Meta-Regression

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Human Physiology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Probiotics are known to influence gut microbiota composition.
• Modulation of microbiota by probiotics may impact systemic metabolic markers.
• Previous research suggests a potential role for probiotics in managing uric acid levels.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a meta-analysis assessing the efficacy of probiotics in reducing uric acid levels.
• To identify specific patient populations or probiotic characteristics associated with uric acid reduction.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of major databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Google Scholar) for relevant studies.
• Inclusion of randomized controlled trials and observational studies comparing probiotics to placebo, published between January 2000 and August 2024.
• Data extraction and quality assessment by independent reviewers, adhering to PRISMA 2020 and AMSTAR 2 guidelines.

Main Results:

• Nine studies comprising 394 patients (201 probiotic, 193 placebo) were included.
• A statistically significant reduction in uric acid levels was observed in the probiotic group compared to placebo.
• Subgroup analysis identified continent, disease status, male sex, and monostrain probiotics as significant moderators of this effect.

Conclusions:

• Probiotics demonstrate a significant effect in lowering uric acid levels.
• The beneficial effect is particularly evident in Asian males with existing disease conditions.
• Treatment with monostrain probiotics appears to be a key factor in achieving uric acid reduction.