Histamine Metabolism in IBD: Towards Precision Nutrition.

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Nutritional Science

Background:

• Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) involves immune dysregulation potentially worsened by histamine.
• Current IBD dietary advice lacks focus on histamine metabolism and intolerance.
• Histamine intolerance (HIT) is an emerging consideration in gut inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the relationship between IBD and histamine metabolism.
• To propose a low-histamine diet (LHD) framework for IBD management in HIT patients.
• To highlight the need for clinical trials on LHD in IBD.

Main Methods:

• Narrative review of existing literature.
• Searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science.
• Proposed LHD strategies: reducing dietary histamine and modulating gut microbiota.

Main Results:

• Identified a gap in research on LHD for IBD patients.
• Highlighted the importance of histamine-degrading enzymes like diamine oxidase (DAO) and histamine-N-methyltransferase (HNMT).
• No clinical trials currently exist for LHD interventions in IBD populations.

Conclusions:

• A low-histamine diet (LHD) presents a novel dietary strategy for managing IBD in patients with histamine intolerance (HIT).
• Future research must prioritize clinical trials to assess the efficacy and applicability of LHD in IBD.
• Understanding histamine's role and individual intolerance is crucial for personalized IBD nutrition.