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Related Concept Videos

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers01:20

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

334
Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...
334
Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers01:19

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System II: CRP, Hcy, and Cardiac Natriuretic Peptide Markers

214
Cardiac biomarkers are critical in diagnosing, prognosing, and managing cardiovascular diseases. Routine measurement of specific biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and homocysteine (Hcy) is common practice in clinical settings to evaluate heart function and predict cardiovascular events.
These markers indicate stress or strain on the heart muscle:
Natriuretic Peptides (BNP)
Cardiac myocytes produce these hormones in response to ventricular stretching...
214

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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
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Circulating Biomarkers as Potential Risk Factors for Inguinal Hernia.

Enke Baldini1, Salvatore Sorrenti1, Eleonora Lori1

  • 1Department of Surgery, "Sapienza" University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The study identified the ratio of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PINP) to procollagen type III N-terminal propeptide (PIIINP) as a key predictor of inguinal hernia risk. This ratio, reflecting collagen metabolism, offers a new molecular biomarker for assessing hernia susceptibility.

Keywords:
N-terminal propeptides of type I (PINP) and type III (PIIINP) procollagenscollageninguinal hernialysyl oxidasemetalloproteinases

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Connective Tissue Research

Background:

  • Metabolic alterations in connective tissues, particularly collagen, are observed in hernia patients.
  • Enzymes like metalloproteinases (MMPs) and lysyl oxidase (LOX), and collagen biosynthesis peptides are implicated in collagen metabolism.
  • Identifying reliable biomarkers for hernia risk assessment is crucial for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate plasma concentrations of MMPs, LOX, and collagen biosynthesis peptides (PINP, PIIINP, PIVNP) as potential biomarkers for inguinal hernia risk.
  • To investigate the relationship between these biomarkers, patient demographics, and hernia characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma samples from 51 inguinal hernia patients and 42 healthy controls were analyzed.
  • Assays included zymography and ELISA to quantify MMPs, LOX, PINP, PIIINP, and PIVNP.
  • Statistical analyses, including regression and ROC analysis, were used to determine biomarker significance.

Main Results:

  • Patients showed reduced PINP and increased PIIINP levels, altering the PINP/PIIINP ratio.
  • The PINP/PIIINP ratio was inversely correlated with hernia risk, with a cut-off of 0.948 showing high sensitivity and specificity.
  • Plasma MMP-9 was reduced in patients; MMP-2 was lower in those with a family history of hernia.

Conclusions:

  • The PINP/PIIINP ratio is a significant molecular predictor for estimating inguinal hernia risk.
  • This ratio may serve as a valuable biomarker for identifying individuals susceptible to developing inguinal hernias.
  • Further research could explore the clinical utility of this ratio in hernia prevention strategies.