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Rice Adaptation to Abiotic Stresses Caused by Soil Inorganic Elements
Giulia Vitiello1, Daniela Goretti1, Caterina Marè2
1Department for Sustainable Development and Ecological Transition, University of Eastern Piedmont, Piazza Sant 'Eusebio 5, 13100 Vercelli, Italy.
None:
Soil contamination with toxic inorganic elements poses a major challenge to rice cultivation, affecting plant physiology, yield, and grain safety. While natural variation in tolerance exists among rice genotypes and related species, recent advances in genomics, breeding, and biotechnology offer new opportunities to enhance adaptation. This review synthesizes the current knowledge on the physiological effects of toxic elements and explores strategies to improve tolerance, from harnessing genetic diversity to genome editing and transgenic approaches. Attention is also paid to the role of microbiota in mitigating toxicity and reducing translocation to seeds, highlighting emerging solutions for sustainable rice production in contaminated environments.
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