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Related Concept Videos

Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
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Patterns of Fever01:26

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Types of Fever01:25

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Fever can be triggered by several factors, including infections, nervous system disorders, certain cancers, blood diseases like leukemia, embolism, thrombosis, heatstroke, dehydration, surgical trauma, crushing injuries, and allergic reactions.
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

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As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Mapping the Structure-Function Relationships of Disordered Oncogenic Transcription Factors Using Transcriptomic Analysis
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Fever in Children with Cancer: Pathophysiological Insights Using Blood Transcriptomics.

Lotte Møller Smedegaard1, Kia Hee Schultz Dungu1, Yuliu Guo2

  • 1Department of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Fever in children with cancer is often unclear. Blood transcriptomics reveals distinct gene patterns for infections versus inflammation, aiding antibiotic decisions.

Keywords:
bloodstream infectiondifferential gene expressionfebrile neutropeniapediatric oncologytranscriptomics

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Fever is common in children undergoing chemotherapy, often due to infections or inflammation.
  • Current diagnostic methods are insufficient, leading to prolonged antibiotic use even with negative blood cultures.
  • Understanding the causes of fever is crucial for appropriate treatment in pediatric cancer patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pathophysiological mechanisms of fever in children with hematological malignancies using blood transcriptomics.
  • To differentiate between infectious (bacteremia) and non-infectious causes of fever.
  • To identify potential biomarkers for guiding antibiotic therapy.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide study involving 168 febrile episodes in children with hematological malignancies.
  • Whole blood samples collected in PAXgene tubes for single-cell RNA sequencing.
  • Comparison of transcriptomic profiles between febrile children with and without bacteremia.

Main Results:

  • Children with bacteremia showed differentially expressed genes related to immunoregulation, cardiac, and vascular function.
  • Children without bacteremia exhibited distinct gene expression patterns, suggesting viral or other inflammatory causes.
  • Overlapping differentially expressed genes were identified with previously established transcriptomics-based signatures.

Conclusions:

  • Blood transcriptomics offers novel insights into fever mechanisms in pediatric cancer patients.
  • Distinct gene expression patterns can indicate viral infections or non-bacterial inflammation in children with negative blood cultures.
  • These findings support the early discontinuation of antibiotics in febrile children with cancer when infection is not confirmed.