The Procaine-Based ProcCluster^® Impedes the Second Envelopment Process of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) has a global prevalence of 64%. Established antiviral drugs, such as acyclovir (ACV), have been successfully used over the past decades. However, due to growing viral resistance against approved antivirals and the lack of effective vaccines, new concepts are essential to target HSV-1 infections. Here, we present data on the inhibitory effect of the procaine-based substance ProcCluster^® (PC) in reducing HSV-1 replication in vitro. Non-toxic PC concentrations significantly decreased HSV-1 replication in infected cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed an accumulation of viral proteins in early and recycling endosomes, resulting in reduced viral release. The combination of PC with ACV resulted in an enhanced antiviral effect. Based on these results, PC alone, as well as in combination with ACV, appears to be a promising substance with antiviral potential against HSV-1 infections.