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Cardiorenal Syndrome: Molecular Pathways Linking Cardiovascular Dysfunction and Chronic Kidney Disease Progression
Fabian Vasquez1, Caterina Tiscornia1, Enrique Lorca-Ponce2,3
1Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 14, 2025
Summary
Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) involves heart and kidney dysfunction. Nutritional interventions, including anti-inflammatory nutrients and personalized medical nutrition therapy, show promise in managing CRS progression.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Nephrology
- Nutritional Science
Background:
- Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) is a complex condition with bidirectional decline in cardiac and renal function.
- Key drivers include RAAS overactivation, inflammation, oxidative stress, and fibrosis.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review molecular pathways implicated in CRS.
- To explore emerging therapeutic strategies, focusing on nutritional interventions.
Main Methods:
- Narrative review of recent scientific evidence.
- Examination of molecular pathways, mitochondrial dysfunction, uremic toxins, immune activation, and dietary factors.
Main Results:
- High sodium, phosphorus, and processed food intake worsen CRS.
- Deficiencies in potassium, magnesium, and vitamin D correlate with poorer outcomes.
- Bioactives like omega-3 PUFAs, curcumin, and anthocyanins show potential in modulating CRS pathways (NF-κB, NLRP3 inflammasome).
Conclusions:
- Integrative approaches combining RAAS modulation, personalized nutrition, and anti-inflammatory nutrients may prevent or delay CRS.
- Targeting pathways like eNOS and TGF-β via gene therapy is also under investigation.
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