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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Reprograming Model of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages for In-vitro Assays
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Reprograming Model of Human Monocyte-derived Macrophages for In-vitro Assays

Published on: April 18, 2025

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mTOR Signaling in Macrophages: All Depends on the Context

Angelika Fedor1, Krzysztof Bryniarski1, Katarzyna Nazimek1

  • 1Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121 Kraków, Poland.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|August 14, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling in macrophages is crucial for immune responses and metabolism. Its modulation for autoimmune diseases requires careful consideration of context-dependent effects and microRNA regulation.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Macrophages are key immune cells involved in numerous biological processes.
  • Dysregulated macrophage activity is linked to various disorders, notably autoimmune diseases.
  • Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways are activated by inflammatory signals and regulate cell survival and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in understanding mTOR signaling activation in macrophages.
  • To focus on the role of mTOR in autoimmune disorders.
  • To explore the potential for microRNA-mediated control of mTOR in macrophages.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing research.
  • Synthesis of studies on mTOR signaling, macrophages, and autoimmune diseases.
  • Analysis of microRNA regulation of mTOR pathways.

Main Results:

  • mTOR signaling is activated by cytokines and inflammatory mediators.
  • MicroRNAs can epigenetically regulate mTOR pathways.
  • The effects of mTOR modulation in macrophages are highly context-dependent.

Conclusions:

  • Modulating mTOR pathways in macrophages for therapeutic purposes requires careful consideration of the specific immunological context.
  • Understanding the interplay between mTOR, macrophages, and microRNAs is critical for developing treatments for autoimmune diseases.
Keywords:
autoimmunityimmune regulationimmune tolerancemTORC1mTORC2macrophagesmammalian target of rapamycinmechanistic target of rapamycinmiRNAsmiRs

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