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Synthetic and semisynthetic opioids are pivotal in pain management and tackling opioid addiction. Semisynthetic opioids, including morphinans (morphine derivatives), oxycodone, oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone, have improved pharmacokinetic profiles compared to morphine. Additionally, heroin and 6-MAM (6-Monoacetylmorphine) show better CNS penetration than morphine due to heightened lipid solubility. Hydromorphone, a potent opioid, undergoes hepatic metabolism to form the active...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Opioids are a class of drugs that mimic endogenous opioid peptides and act on opioid receptors, and help in pain relief. These compounds are classified as natural, synthetic, or semi-synthetic. Natural opioids, like morphine, codeine, and thebaine, are derived from the opium poppy plant (Papaver somniferum or Papaver album) and are termed opiates. Synthetic opioids are artificial, while semi-synthetic opioids combine natural and synthetic compounds. Morphine, a prototypical opioid, possesses a...
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Opioid receptors, including the mu (μ, MOR), delta (δ, DOR), and kappa (κ, KOR) types, belong to the rhodopsin family of G protein-coupled receptors. These receptors are located throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems and in non-neuronal tissues such as macrophages and astrocytes. Opioid receptor ligands can be categorized into agonists or antagonists. Highly selective agonists include [d-Ala2, MePhe4, Gly(ol)5]-enkephalin or DAMGO for MOR, [D-Pen2,...
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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Efficient Methodology to Confidently Differentiate and Characterize Fentanyl Analogs
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Fentanyl Research: Key to Fighting the Opioid Crisis.

Cristina Rius1,2,3,4, Antonio Eleazar Serrano-López5,6, Rut Lucas-Domínguez1,2,7

  • 1UISYS Group, Department of History of Science and Information Science, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.

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Fentanyl research evolved through four opioid epidemic waves, shifting focus from therapies to addiction treatment, prevention, and safer analogues. This highlights the need for interdisciplinary approaches to mitigate its impact.

Keywords:
fentanylhealth care informationhealth care managershealth policyopioids crisisopioids mortality wavesscientific research

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pharmacology
  • Sociology

Background:

  • Fentanyl is central to the opioid epidemic's four overdose death waves.
  • Research trends link fentanyl to mental health, pharmaceuticals, healthcare, diseases, and pathophysiology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Analyze fentanyl research trends over time.
  • Examine fentanyl's relationship with the opioid crisis and societal context.

Main Methods:

  • Bibliometric analysis of 1423 fentanyl-specific articles from Web of Science and PubMed.
  • Analysis of 21,546 MeSH terms using R-statistical/FactoMineR for correspondence analysis.

Main Results:

  • Wave 1: Improved therapies, reduced side effects.
  • Wave 2: Detoxification (naltrexone, methadone), behavioral therapies.
  • Wave 3: Psychological treatments, HIV prevention.
  • Wave 4: Less addictive analogues, consumer profiling.

Conclusions:

  • Fentanyl research aligns with evolving public health challenges.
  • Interdisciplinary research integrating prevention, treatment, education, policy, and social support is crucial.
  • Collaborative efforts are needed to address therapeutic use and societal impact.