Visual Field Examinations for Retinal Diseases: A Narrative Review

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology and Visual Science
• Medical Technology Assessment

Background:

• Visual field (VF) testing is fundamental for evaluating retinal function and detecting diseases.
• It identifies functional loss before structural changes are evident, aiding early diagnosis and management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the application of VF testing in key retinal conditions.
• To discuss traditional and modern VF testing methods and their specific uses.
• To highlight challenges and emerging technologies in VF assessment.

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on visual field testing applications.
• Categorization of VF methods (Goldmann, automated perimetry, FDT, microperimetry).
• Discussion of VF utility in hydroxychloroquine retinopathy, AMD, DR/DME, and inherited dystrophies.

Main Results:

• VF testing is vital for detecting subtle defects in conditions like HCQ retinopathy and AMD.
• Automated perimetry and FDT offer quantitative and early neural deficit detection.
• Emerging technologies like AI and VR perimetry show promise for improved accuracy and patient engagement.

Conclusions:

• VF testing remains a cornerstone in retinal disease management.
• Despite challenges, technological advancements are enhancing VF testing's effectiveness.
• Integration of new technologies promises personalized care and improved patient outcomes.