Effectiveness of Virtual Reality-Based Training Versus Conventional Exercise Programs on Fall-Related Functional...

Area of Science:

• Geriatric Rehabilitation
• Health Technology Assessment
• Exercise Science

Background:

• Fall risk is a significant concern for older adults, impacting mobility and independence.
• Conventional exercise programs are standard for improving functional outcomes but may lack engagement.
• Virtual reality (VR) offers a novel approach to exercise, potentially enhancing motivation and effectiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically compare the efficacy of virtual reality (VR)-based training versus conventional exercise programs.
• To evaluate the impact on functional outcomes, specifically balance, mobility, cognitive function, and fall risk in older adults.
• To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines.

Main Methods:

• Systematic review of RCTs sourced from Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO.
• Inclusion criteria: participants aged ≥60 years, VR intervention ≥6 weeks, control group with traditional exercises or usual care.
• Outcomes assessed: balance, mobility, cognitive function, and fall risk; methodological quality evaluated using the PEDro scale.

Main Results:

• Seven RCTs (664 participants) indicated VR training is at least as effective as conventional exercise for balance and mobility.
• Some studies showed superior VR effects; combined VR and balance exercises (MIX) maximized muscle strength and physical performance.
• VR interventions led to cognitive benefits and a 42% reduction in fall incidence within six months.

Conclusions:

• Virtual reality (VR) training is a safe and engaging adjunct to geriatric rehabilitation.
• VR effectively enhances balance, mobility, and in some cases, cognitive function in older adults.
• VR interventions demonstrate a significant potential to reduce fall risk in the geriatric population.