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Related Concept Videos

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins01:30

Anticoagulant Drugs: Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

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Hemostasis is a crucial process that prevents excessive blood loss from damaged blood vessels. It involves various mechanisms such as vasoconstriction, platelet adhesion and activation, and fibrin formation. The importance of each mechanism depends on the type of vessel injury. In contrast, thrombosis is the abnormal formation of a blood clot within the blood vessels, leading to potential complications if the clot obstructs blood flow. Thrombosis can be caused by increased coagulability of the...
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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

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Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 11, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer: Pathophysiological Mechanism and Clinical Implications.

Alfredo Mauriello1, Adriana Correra2, Vincenzo Quagliariello1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, 80131 Napoli, Italy.

Journal of Clinical Medicine
|August 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in older adults and can coexist with cancer. This review explores how cancer and its treatments increase AF risk and discusses managing AF in cancer patients.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Oncology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the elderly.
  • Cancer is a leading cause of global mortality and morbidity.
  • Coexistence of AF and cancer is frequent, posing significant clinical challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms linking cancer and AF development.
  • To review therapeutic strategies for managing AF in cancer patients.
  • To highlight challenges in treating concurrent AF and cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological pathways.
  • Evaluation of current treatment guidelines and evidence.

Main Results:

  • Shared risk factors and mechanisms contribute to the comorbidity of AF and cancer.
  • Cancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation, can precipitate AF.
  • Treatment of AF in cancer patients requires careful consideration of drug interactions and patient-specific factors.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between cancer and AF is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Multidisciplinary approaches are necessary to optimize AF treatment in oncology settings.
  • Further research is needed to refine therapeutic strategies for this complex patient population.