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Harnessing Nanoporous Hexagonal Structures to Control the Coffee Ring Effect and Enhance Particle Patterning.

Yu Ju Han1, Myung Seo Kim1, Seong Min Yoon1

  • 1Department of Smart Manufacturing Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, Republic of Korea.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 14, 2025
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Summary

Controlling the coffee-ring effect is key for uniform particle deposition. This study uses patterned porous surfaces to precisely regulate droplet evaporation and particle placement for advanced biosensing applications.

Keywords:
UV-nano imprint lithography (UV-NIL)coffee-ring effectevaporation behaviormicrostructurednano porousparticle aggregationsurface wettability

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • The coffee-ring effect, a common phenomenon in evaporating droplets, leads to uneven particle deposition.
  • Controlling this effect is crucial for applications like biosensing and precision printing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel method for regulating coffee-ring formation by manipulating surface wettability.
  • To investigate the impact of integrated nanoporous and hexagonal microstructures on droplet evaporation and particle deposition.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of four distinct surface types using UV nanoimprint lithography: planar, porous planar, hexagonal wall, and porous hexagonal wall.
  • Analysis of colloidal droplet evaporation behavior and particle aggregation using contact angle measurements and confocal microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Nanoscale porosity increased surface wettability and evaporation rate.
  • Hexagonal patterns enhanced droplet stability and reduced contact line movement.
  • The porous hexagonal surface promoted connected dual-ring patterns with concentrated particles, enabling stable evaporation and localized deposition.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated nanoporous and hexagonal microstructures offer a tunable platform for controlling the coffee-ring effect.
  • This approach provides a quantitative basis for utilizing patterned porous surfaces in evaporation-driven platforms.
  • The findings have significant implications for enhancing sensitivity and reproducibility in biosensing, particularly for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS).