Effects of Partial Freezing and Superchilling Storage on the Quality of Beef: A Kinetic Modelling Approach

The current study explores the changes in beef quality following partial freezing and during superchilled storage, alongside chilled storage comparisons. Kinetic models were developed to predict changes in colour difference (∆E), thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N), drip loss and firmness. Beef samples were partially frozen in an air blast freezer at -30 °C for 9 min prior to storage at -5 °C, -4 °C, -2.8 °C, -1.8 °C. Chilled beef samples were directly stored at 2 °C and 6 °C without partial freezing. All samples were stored for 21 days. The lightness (L*), redness (a*), yellowness (b*) and colour difference (∆E) were significantly lower in superchilled storage samples compared to chilled storage samples. The pH of beef samples increased gradually over time (p < 0.05). TBARS, TVB-N and drip loss increased while firmness decreased with the increase in storage time in both storage conditions (p < 0.05). Overall, beef quality was affected by both storage duration and temperature. Firmness followed the first order kinetic model; drip loss, TVB-N, TBARS and colour difference (∆E) fitted the zero-order kinetic model. Temperature dependence was adequately modelled using Arrhenius-type equation with the activation energy values of 110.111, 52.870, 68.553, 119.480, 47.301 kJ/mol for drip loss, firmness, TBARS, TVB-N and colour difference (∆E), respectively. The models demonstrated strong predictive performance, with RMSE and MAPE values within ±10%. The developed kinetic models successfully predicted quality changes within the -5 °C to 6 °C temperature range.