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Updated: Sep 11, 2025

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A Method Integrating the Matching Field Algorithm for the Three-Dimensional Positioning and Search of Underwater

Huapeng Cao1, Tingting Yang1,2, Ka-Fai Cedric Yiu3

  • 1School of Navigation, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.

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|August 14, 2025
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Summary

This study introduces a novel algorithm for underwater target positioning using a uniform circular array. The method enhances accuracy in maritime search and rescue by improving three-dimensional localization of submerged objects.

Keywords:
beamformingdirection of arrival estimationmaritime searchmatched field processingthree-dimensional positioning

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Area of Science:

  • Oceanography
  • Acoustics
  • Signal Processing

Background:

  • Accurate three-dimensional (3D) positioning of underwater targets is critical for maritime search and rescue operations.
  • Existing methods often face challenges with angle ambiguity and computational complexity.
  • The need for robust and efficient underwater localization systems is paramount.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a joint Matching Field Processing (MFP) algorithm for precise 3D positioning of underwater targets.
  • To enhance real-time Direction of Arrival (DOA) estimation for improved target localization.
  • To develop a computationally efficient method that alleviates angle ambiguity in underwater positioning.

Main Methods:

  • A marine search and rescue positioning model integrating Minimum Variance Distortionless Response (MVDR) and a matching field quadratic joint algorithm.
  • An MVDR beamforming technique incorporating pre-Kalman filtering for refined DOA estimation and dynamic antenna array weight adjustment.
  • An Adaptive Matching Field Algorithm (AMFP) utilizing DOA information to estimate target range and depth.

Main Results:

  • The proposed MFP algorithm successfully achieves joint 3D positioning of underwater targets.
  • The method effectively alleviates angle ambiguity, eliminating the need for computationally intensive 2D spectral searches.
  • Simulations demonstrate superior positioning accuracy under varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and sensor coordinate error conditions compared to baseline methods.
  • Experimental results confirm the framework's robustness in complex ocean environments.

Conclusions:

  • The developed joint MFP algorithm provides an effective solution for 3D underwater target positioning.
  • The approach offers improved accuracy and robustness, particularly valuable for rapid response underwater positioning systems.
  • This research lays a practical foundation for enhancing maritime search and rescue capabilities through advanced acoustic localization techniques.